Regular inspection and optimization to ensure the stability and speed of Oracle database??? Solution

Regular inspection and optimization to ensure the stability and speed of Oracle database??? Solution//Global IPLC service provider of Shigeng Communication

一、The following is a technical article about regular checks and optimization maintenance plans for Oracle databases, suitable for DBAs (database administrators) or operations teams, aimed at ensuring system stability and performance efficiency:

Oracle Database Maintenance Plan: Practical Guide for Regular Inspection and Optimization

Goal: Ensure high availability, high performance, and data security

1. Why is regular maintenance necessary?

Oracle database, as the core data carrier of enterprises, may encounter the following problems during long-term operation:

Performance degradation (accumulation of fragments, outdated statistical information)

Space waste (fragmented table space, unrecovered high water mark)

Security risks (expired accounts, abnormal login)

Backup failure (unverified backups may lead to disaster recovery failure)

The stability of a database comes from systematic maintenance, as the saying goes, 'It's better to be prepared before the rain falls than to make up for the lost sheep.'.

2. Core Maintenance Task List (Recommended Cycle)

The following are key maintenance operations and recommended frequencies:

Maintenance category operation item frequency tool/command

Performance monitoring check waiting for events and TOP SQL daily AWR/ASH report v$session_wait

Space Management Table Space Usage Monitoring Daily DBA_SFREE-SPACE

Statistical Information Update Collection Table/Index Statistical Information Weekly/After Change DBMS_STATS.GATHER_ * STATS

Index optimization, rebuilding fragmented indexes, and monthly ALTERINDEX... REBUILD

Backup Verification RMAN Backup Recovery Test Quarterly RMAN VALIDATE

Security Audit Cleanup Expired Users and Permission Review Monthly DBA.USERS, AUDIT

3. Detailed explanation of key maintenance operations

1. Performance diagnosis: AWR report analysis

--Generate AWR report for the past 8 hours @? /rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql

Focus points:

Does DB Time continue to grow

TOP 5 waiting events (such as db file scattered read may indicate excessive scanning of the entire table)

CPU time vs waiting time ratio

2. Update statistical information (to avoid deviation from the execution plan)

BEGIN

DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATS(

ownname     => 'SCOTT',

tabname     => 'EMP',

estimate_percent => 30, --Sampling ratio

Cascade=>TRUE -- Simultaneously collecting index statistics information

);END;

3. Index fragmentation reorganization

--Rebuilding the index (reducing business impact through online operations) with the function of ALTINDEX scoret.emp_name_idx REBUILD ONLINE;

4. Space recycling: Lowering the high water mark (HWM)

--Perform segment shrinkage on severely fragmented tables, with the option to use ALTER TABLE orders and ENABLE ROW MOVEMENT; ALTER TABLE orders SHRINK SPACE CASCADE;  

4. Automated maintenance plan

Create automated tasks through DBMS_SCHEDULER:

BEGIN

DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB(

job_name    => 'GATHER_STATS_JOB',

job_type    => 'PLSQL_BLOCK',

job_action => 'BEGIN DBMS_STATS.GATHER_SCHEMA_STATS(''APP_DATA'');  END; ',

start_date => SYSTIMESTAMP,

repeat_interval => 'FREQ=WEEKLY;  BYDAY=SUN;  BYHOUR=2',

enabled     => TRUE

);END;

✅  Recommended tool combination:

OEM (Oracle Enterprise Manager): graphical monitoring and alerting

Custom script+crontab: flexible customization of inspection items

Prometheus+Grafana: Real time performance metrics visualization

5. Emergency Pit Avoidance Guide

Avoid updating statistical information during peak hours → choose low load window

Confirm table size before rebuilding index → Large table rebuilding may cause undo inflation

Use PURGE RECYCLEBIN with caution → Ensure that no important objects are mistakenly deleted

Backup before any DDL operation → Ensure rollback is possible

6. Maintenance effectiveness verification

By regularly comparing key indicators before and after maintenance:

TPS/QPS（Transactions Per Second / Queries Per Second）

Average query response time

Disk I/O utilization rate

Lock competition frequency (v $lock)

Case: A certain e-commerce platform improved order query speed by 40% through monthly index reconstruction.

summarize

Core principles of maintenance plan

Through a systematic maintenance plan, Oracle database can maintain an annual availability of over 99.95%, significantly reducing the risk of downtime and performance failures. Take immediate action and make maintenance the health gatekeeper of the database!

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